Kisah Para Rasul 16:20-24

16:20 When ¹  they had brought them ²  before the magistrates, they said, “These men are throwing our city into confusion. ³  They are ⁴  Jews 16:21 and are advocating ⁵  customs that are not lawful for us to accept ⁶  or practice, ⁷  since we are ⁸  Romans.”

16:22 The crowd joined the attack ⁹  against them, and the magistrates tore the clothes ¹⁰  off Paul and Silas ¹¹  and ordered them to be beaten with rods. ¹²  16:23 After they had beaten them severely, ¹³  they threw them into prison and commanded ¹⁴  the jailer to guard them securely. 16:24 Receiving such orders, he threw them in the inner cell ¹⁵  and fastened their feet in the stocks. ¹⁶ 

Kisah Para Rasul 22:25-28

22:25 When they had stretched him out for the lash, ¹⁷  Paul said to the centurion ¹⁸  standing nearby, “Is it legal for you to lash a man who is a Roman citizen ¹⁹  without a proper trial?” ²⁰  22:26 When the centurion ²¹  heard this, ²²  he went to the commanding officer ²³  and reported it, ²⁴  saying, “What are you about to do? ²⁵  For this man is a Roman citizen.” ²⁶  22:27 So the commanding officer ²⁷  came and asked ²⁸  Paul, ²⁹  “Tell me, are you a Roman citizen?” ³⁰  He replied, ³¹  “Yes.” 22:28 The commanding officer ³²  answered, “I acquired this citizenship with a large sum of money.” ³³  “But I was even ³⁴  born a citizen,” ³⁵  Paul replied. ³⁶ 

[16:20]  ¹ tn Grk “And when.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[16:20]  ² tn Grk “having brought them.” The participle ἐπιλαβόμενοι (epilabomenoi) has been taken temporally. It is also possible in English to translate this participle as a finite verb: “they brought them before the magistrates and said.”

[16:20]  ³ tn BDAG 309 s.v. ἐκταράσσω has “agitate, cause trouble to, throw into confusion” for the meaning of this verb.

[16:20]  ⁴ tn Grk “being Jews, and they are proclaiming.” The participle ὑπάρχοντες (Juparconte") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[16:21]  ⁵ tn Grk “proclaiming,” but in relation to customs, “advocating” is a closer approximation to the meaning.

[16:21]  ⁶ tn Or “acknowledge.”

[16:21]  ⁷ sn Customs that are not lawful for us to accept or practice. Ironically, the charges are similar to those made against Jesus in Luke 23:2, where Jews argued he was “twisting” their customs. The charge has three elements: (1) a racial element (Jewish); (2) a social element (unlawful); and (3) a traditional element (not their customs).

[16:21]  ⁸ tn Grk “we being Romans.” The participle οὖσιν (ousin) has been translated as a causal adverbial participle.

[16:22]  ⁹ tn L&N 39.50 has “the crowd joined the attack against them” for συνεπέστη (sunepesth) in this verse.

[16:22]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “tearing the clothes off them, the magistrates ordered.” The participle περιρήξαντες (perirhxante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. Although it may be possible to understand the aorist active participle περιρήξαντες in a causative sense (“the magistrates caused the clothes to be torn off Paul and Silas”) in the mob scene that was taking place, it is also possible that the magistrates themselves actively participated. This act was done to prepare them for a public flogging (2 Cor 11:25; 1 Thess 2:2).

[16:22]  ¹¹ tn Grk “off them”; the referents (Paul and Silas) have been specified in the translation for clarity.

[16:22]  ¹² tn The infinitive ῥαβδίζειν (rJabdizein) means “to beat with rods or sticks” (as opposed to fists or clubs, BDAG 902 s.v. ῥαβδίζω).

[16:23]  ¹³ tn Grk “Having inflicted many blows on them.” The participle ἐπιθέντες (epiqente") has been taken temporally. BDAG 384 s.v. ἐπιτίθημι 1.a.β has “inflict blows upon someone” for this expression, but in this context it is simpler to translate in English as “they had beaten them severely.”

[16:23]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “commanding.” The participle παραγγείλαντες (parangeilante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[16:24]  ¹⁵ tn Or “prison.”

[16:24]  ¹⁶ tn L&N 6.21 has “stocks” for εἰς τὸ ξύλον (ei" to xulon) here, as does BDAG 685 s.v. ξύλον 2.b. However, it is also possible (as mentioned in L&N 18.12) that this does not mean “stocks” but a block of wood (a log or wooden column) in the prison to which prisoners’ feet were chained or tied. Such a possibility is suggested by v. 26, where the “bonds” (“chains”?) of the prisoners loosened.

[22:25]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “for the thongs” (of which the lash was made). Although often translated as a dative of means (“with thongs”), referring to thongs used to tie the victim to the whipping post, BDAG 474-75 s.v. ἱμάς states that it “is better taken as a dat. of purpose for the thongs, in which case οἱ ἱμάντες = whips (Posidonius: 87 fgm. 5 Jac.; POxy. 1186, 2 τὴν διὰ τῶν ἱμάντων αἰκείαν. – Antiphanes 74, 8, Demosth. 19, 197 and Artem. 1, 70 use the sing. in this way).”

[22:25]  ¹⁸ sn See the note on the word centurion in 10:1.

[22:25]  ¹⁹ tn The word “citizen” is supplied here for emphasis and clarity.

[22:25]  ²⁰ tn Or “a Roman citizen and uncondemned.” BDAG 35 s.v. ἀκατάκριτος has “uncondemned, without due process” for this usage.

[22:25]  sn The fact that Paul was a Roman citizen protected him from being tortured to extract information; such protections were guaranteed by the Porcian and Julian law codes. In addition, the fact Paul had not been tried exempted him from punishment.

[22:26]  ²¹ sn See the note on the word centurion in 10:1.

[22:26]  ²² tn The word “this” is not in the Greek text but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.

[22:26]  ²³ tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 24.

[22:26]  ²⁴ tn The word “it” is not in the Greek text but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.

[22:26]  ²⁵ tn Or perhaps, “What do you intend to do?” Although BDAG 627 s.v. μέλλω 1.c.α lists this phrase under the category “be about to, be on the point of,” it is possible it belongs under 1.c.γ, “denoting an intended action: intend, propose, have in mind…τί μέλλεις ποιεῖν; what do you intend to do?”

[22:26]  ²⁶ tn The word “citizen” is supplied here for emphasis and clarity.

[22:27]  ²⁷ tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 24.

[22:27]  ²⁸ tn Grk “and said to.”

[22:27]  ²⁹ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:27]  ³⁰ tn The word “citizen” is supplied here for emphasis and clarity.

[22:27]  ³¹ tn Grk “He said.”

[22:28]  ³² tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 24.

[22:28]  ³³ sn Sometimes Roman citizenship was purchased through a bribe (Dio Cassius, Roman History 60.17.4-9). That may well have been the case here.

[22:28]  ³⁴ tn BDAG 495-96 s.v. καί 2.b has “intensive: even…Ac 5:39; 22:28.”

[22:28]  ³⁵ tn The word “citizen” is supplied here for emphasis and clarity.

[22:28]  sn Paul’s reference to being born a citizen suggests he inherited his Roman citizenship from his family.

[22:28]  ³⁶ tn Grk “Paul said.” This phrase has been placed at the end of the sentence in the translation for stylistic reasons.